装甲战争剧情活动奖励新车M1 Abrams AGDS详解

　　《装甲战争》近期曝光了剧情第一季的最终奖励是一辆限定车M1 Abrams AGDS，只能通过剧情活动获取，下面一起来看看这辆车的介绍吧。

　　Commanders!

　　指挥官们！

　　We are proud to announce an ultimate Storyline Campaign Season 1 reward.

　　我们在此隆重介绍剧情第一季的最终奖励。

　　Players who complete all the episodes in the event will – amongst other things – obtain an Abrams AGDS!

　　那些完成了所有章节的玩家将会获得一辆独特的车——M1 Abrams AGDS！

　　Please note that this is an exclusive vehicle that will not be sold or given out via any other means than the Storyline Campaign.

　　请注意这是一辆限定车，除了剧情活动以外不会以任何方式销售或赠送。

M1 Abrams AGDS

　　The Abrams AGDS is a vehicle proposal, drafted in July 1996 by Dr. Asher H. Sharoni (a former colonel in the Israeli Defense Forces) and Lawrence D. Bacon from a Californian company called Western Design Howden, a small military contractor for the American Department of Defense, specializing in weapon system development. The company still exists in a sense, but in 2004 it was renamed Meggitt Western Design, sold to the Meggitt PLC group and subsequently merged with its other subsidiaries.

　　M1 AGDS，是1996年7月由Asher H. Sharoni博士（以色列国防军前上校），和来自加利福尼亚州的一家名叫Western Design Howden公司的劳伦斯·培根（Lawrence D. Bacon）起草的车辆建议。该公司是美国国防部的一家小型军事承包商，专门从事武器系统开发。该公司仍然在某种意义上存在，但在2004年，它更名为Meggitt Western Design，出售给了Meggitt PLC集团，随后与其它子公司合并。

　　The main reason for the Abrams AGDS proposal was the military situation of the U.S. Army that, like the rest of the world, started to face enemies with improved technological capabilities. These included especially the following threats:

　　M1 AGDS的提出主要是出于当时美军的状况。就像世界其它地区一样，大家都将要面对科技水平提升后的敌人。其中尤其是以下威胁：

　　Tactical aircraft (attack planes, fighters in ground attack configuration)

　　Helicopters

　　Drones

　　Infantry and light vehicles armed with guided missiles

　　Large volumes of IFVs, proliferating from the former Soviet Union during the "fire sale" era of the Russian military when almost anything was available for the right price

　　军事飞机（攻击机和对地配置的战斗机）

　　直升机；

　　无人机；

　　步兵和装备ATGM的轻装甲车辆；

　　来自俄罗斯“贱卖”前苏联时期大量生产的IFV，当时几乎所有东西都有适合的价格。

　　The U.S. Army didn't have much to counter some of these threats, at least not in a universal form. Ever since the 1960s, the Americans had used a combination of the famous M163 Vulcan AA vehicle (equipped with the eponymous 20mm rotary cannon) and the MIM-72 Chaparral missile carrier, armed with a ground version of the famous Sidewinder air-to-air missiles.

　　美军并没有足够的能力来应对这些威胁，至少不是以如此大规模的形态。 自20世纪60年代以来，美军一直使用著名的M163“火神”防空车（配备同名的20mm加特林机炮）搭配MIM-72“小檞树”防空导弹车（装备了著名的“响尾蛇”导弹的地对空版）。

　　This solution had numerous major problems. The Vulcan had quick reaction times and could take out a helicopter easily, but its range was extremely short, about a third of the range of the anti-tank missiles the Soviet Mi-24 Hind used. Additionally, it only had short-range radar because it would be pointless to install a bigger one on a weapon system that only had a maximum range of 1200 meters.

　　这个解决方案有很大的问题：“火神”的响应时间很快，可以轻易击落直升机。但它的射程极短，约为苏联Mi-24“雌鹿”直升机导弹射程的三分之一。此外，它只有短距离雷达，因为在最大射程只有1200米的武器系统上安装较大的雷达显得毫无意义。

　　The Chaparral system could engage helicopters at longer distances and had powerful radar, but it took much longer to bring it to bear – time during which the helicopter could pop out of cover, fire a missile and hide again. Additionally, the Chaparral did not have any armor to speak of and was completely defenseless during ground attacks.

　　而“小檞树”可以长距离击落直升机，并具有强大的雷达。但它的响应时间太长——长到足以让直升机出现、发射导弹并再次隐蔽。而且“小檞树”没有足够的装甲，很容易被地面攻击所摧毁。

MIM-72“小檞树”

　　The solution was supposed to be a new, division-level AA system (the program was called DIVAD for Division Air Defense). Several solutions were considered (including quite outrageous ones such as arming a Patton chassis with a giant 30mm GAU-8 Avenger rotary cannon, normally used on the A-10 Thunderbolt II attack plane), but the most promising was the 1978 M247 Sergeant York by Ford Aerospace, essentially a M48 chassis armed with two Bofors 40mm cannons in a new turret. The M247 proved to be a disaster – it was horribly unreliable, inaccurate, and poor at engaging targets. By the end of its six-year-long development phase, in 1984, it was also obsolete as the new Soviet missiles outranged its 40mm cannons. Despite the fact that these issues were known very early on, the project was kept alive until 1985 simply because there was nothing else to replace it with. It was only cancelled in August 1985 after 50 or so of these unreliable monstrosities had been produced, leaving the U.S. Army with nothing except the obsolete Vulcan-Chaparral combo.

　　这个解决方案是一个新的师级防空系统（该项目被称为DIVAD）。美国人曾经考虑过几个解决方案（包括非常荒谬的方案，如使用巴顿坦克的底盘，搭载A-10攻击机使用的巨型30mm GAU-8“复仇者”加特林机炮），但最有希望的是1978年由福特航天公司设计的M247“约克中士”——它基本上是使用一辆M48底盘，在新炮塔中配备了两门“博福斯”40mm机炮。但M247的设计最后被证明是一场灾难——非常糟糕的可靠性、非常差的精准度，以及与目标交战几乎毫无还手之力。1984年，在其长达六年的研发结束时，新的苏联导弹性能已经完全超过了老旧的40mm。尽管美国人早就知道这些问题，但直到1985年之前这个项目一直存在（因为没有其它替代品）。在生产了50台左右之后，M247于1985年8月被取消，留给美军的选择只有过时的“火神-小檞树”组合。

M247“约克中士”

　　In 1987, another AA system appeared – the ADATS (Air Defense Anti-Tank System) by Oerlikon-Contraves, consisting of a massive missile launcher capable of engaging both ground and air targets. The system was effective but extremely expensive and the project was not accepted into service due to budget constraints (with a small number of vehicles serving in Canada from 1989).

　　1987年，另一种新的防空系统出现——由欧瑞康·特拉伟斯公司研发的ADATS（Air Defense Anti-Tank System，防空反坦克系统），其中包括能够打击地面和空中目标的大型导弹发射器。 这套系统有效但价格非常昂贵，并且由于预算限制该项目没有通过（有一小批车辆自1989年开始在加拿大服役）。

　　Finally, the U.S. Army settled on the Avenger system for its close-range anti-air needs (a block of FIM-92 Stinger missiles installed on a Humvee chassis), produced from 1987 and officially entering service in 1990.

　　最后，为了满足近距离防空需求，美国陆军看中了“复仇者”防空系统（8枚安装在悍马底盘上的FIM-92“毒刺”导弹）。“复仇者”于1987年开始生产，并于1990年正式服役。

“复仇者”防空导弹系统

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